We value excellent academic writing and strive to provide outstanding essay writing service each and every time you place an order. We write essays, research papers, term papers, course works, reviews, theses and more, so our primary mission is to help you succeed academically Jun 07, · These master thesis defense presentation templates is what you want if you are making a presentation for the related topic. There are many visual slides in this PPT sample file like agenda, thesis outline, introduction, literature review, hypothesis, methods, statistical analysis, results, column chart, bar diagram, pie chart, discussion May 01, · Understanding what makes a good thesis statement is one of the major keys to writing a great research paper or argumentative essay. The thesis statement is where you make a claim that will guide you through your entire paper. If you find yourself struggling to make sense of your paper or your topic, then it's likely due to a weak thesis statement. Let's take a minute to first understand what
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In essence, the goal of Lean is to maximize value while minimizing waste. In other words, creating more value for the customer with fewer resources. Lean was born on the factory floor, so many people think of it as a manufacturing technique.
Today, Lean is finding a home in every industry from finance to healthcare. In this article, lean service thesis will demystify Lean — where it came from, lean service thesis, how to apply it in project management today, and the management methodologies it gave birth to including Six Sigma, the Deming Cycle, and Kanban.
The story of Lean begins in post-World War II. One of these experts was W. Edwards Deming, a lean service thesis consultant whose ideas about quality control found more receptive audiences in Japan than they had in the United States.
It was from these consultants, as well as from visits to Ford and American supermarket chains, that Japanese manufacturers, lean service thesis, and Toyota in particular, refined the concept of Lean service thesis in Time JIT. This technique aims to increase efficiency and decrease the amount of stocked inventory by moving materials into position just before they are needed for the next stage of the production process, lean service thesis.
JIT is not used solely in manufacturing - the technique applies in any situation where a supplier delivers materials using a timeline determined by customer demand.
The success of JIT depends on the ability to synchronize and coordinate steps of the manufacturing process so that materials and products are where they need to be, when they need to be there.
In the s, JIT, in combination with the Japanese manufacturing method of Jidoka or autonomation automation with a human touch on an exceptions basiswould become the twin foundations of the Toyota Production System TPS. Many consider Toyota engineer Taiichi Ohno the father of TPS and Lean. TPS was geared towards meeting the needs of the Japanese markets at the time, which called for smaller numbers of several different vehicle types. Its core principle was the systematic removal of waste in an ongoing effort to improve efficiency.
A couple of decades later, lean service thesis, after the Arab oil embargo caused energy crises in the United States, Japan, Canada, UK, and the Netherlands, other Japanese companies began to study and imitate TPS. By now, the benefits of TPS were clear. It brought:.
The concepts of Muda, Muri, and Mura three types of waste that lean service thesis known as the 3M are central to the idea of eliminating waste. Muda refers to activities that consume resources without increasing the end value delivered to the customer.
Muri refers to practices that involve overusing equipment or overworking employees beyond reasonable or practical limits - both of which increase costs and decrease efficiency and productivity in the long run.
Smartsheet is a cloud-based platform that allows teams and organizations to plan, manage, and report on projects, helping you move faster and achieve more. See Smartsheet in action, lean service thesis. Watch a free demo. In the s, Western manufacturers discovered that Japanese companies were outperforming them.
They tried emulating TPS, employing it under such names as World Class Manufacturing, lean service thesis, Stockless Production, and Continuous Flow Manufacturing. Manufacturers also began to implement some of the Lean manufacturing techniques, though in isolation from the overarching business management philosophy. Ina quality-engineer-turned-MBA-student named John Krafcik wrote an article that began a paradigm shift in American manufacturing. Krafcik, who had worked at New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.
Inthree scholars, James P. Womack, lean service thesis, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos, released an international bestseller, The Machine that Changed the Worldlean service thesis, that played a hugely important role in disseminating the concept of Lean manufacturing in the West. In that book and Lean Thinkingthe principles of Lean were introduced in a way that allowed Western manufacturers to understand the full extent of its benefits. The principles of Lean manufacturing, now more broadly referred to as Lean thinkinghave since been adopted outside of traditional manufacturing in fields like construction, healthcare, financial services, government, project management, and knowledge work.
Using Lean for knowledge work has been met with some doubt and resistance by people who argue that because the field is essentially non-replicable and non-repetitive, it is not suited to standardization. Bradley Staats and David M. Upton argue in Harvard Business Reviewhowever, that all companies specializing in knowledge work will perform non-knowledge-based activities that are suited to waste reduction efforts.
Furthermore, you can even streamline sequences of core knowledge-based activities to achieve greater efficiencies. For example, lean service thesis Kanbana Toyota practice that uses visual aids such as signs, cards, or sticky notes to match inventory with demand throughout the production life cycle.
This makes process inefficiencies, bottlenecks, and other types of waste apparent. Kanban has been successfully used in software development, by visualizing the software development process as a production chain, identifying positions and situations that cause inefficiency in the production chain, and implementing solutions to increase the overall efficiency of the production chain. Lean has had widespread influence. For example, lean service thesis, the Lean Aerospace Initiative was a US Air Force-funded pilot project at MIT that examined the use of Lean techniques in manufacturing aerospace products.
The project was renamed the Lean Advancement Initiative until it disbanded in Healthcare, financial services, education, retail, construction, and other fields currently incorporate the principles of Lean based on the TPS. Because Lean is a paradigm that governs everything an organization does, rather than a single tactic or initiative aimed at a narrow outcome, it can be applied to a range of industry and organization-types.
A Project Management Institute conference paper by Aziz Moujib describes Lean project management as the application of Lean manufacturing principles to the project management process. This is in an effort to achieve the same goal: maximizing value while minimizing waste. It draws from a set of five core principles identified in the book Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Corporationwhich was written by two of the three MIT authors who wrote The M achine that Changed the World.
The concept of the value stream is central to Lean project management. This is the sequence of activities involved in delivering a project with an agreed-upon value both the inputs and outputs.
Value stream mapping, sometimes called business process mappingan effort to understand how value and waste are created during the project lifecycle with the goal of optimizing the value stream. In doing so, Lean project management can help achieve a number of goals including:. Standardization is another critical aspect of Lean project management. Since most projects are novel to some extentstandardizing tasks can both improve project performance in the short term and help improve efficiencies for projects with similar tasks in the long term.
Improvement of tasks in the project lifecycle tends to be incremental, leading to gradual progress towards goals. The adoption of Lean thinking owes much to how it was presented to James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones, the authors of The Machine that Changed the World and Lean Thinking. The amount a customer is willing to pay for a product or service is directly related to how much they value it, so understanding the value of a product is the first step towards effective pricing and Lean management.
Toyota, for example, adopted a top-down pricing approach defined by how much customers were willing to pay for a product with a certain value, and then focused on eliminating waste from their manufacturing processes in order to meet this price. Map the Value Stream: The value stream is the complete sequence of activities involved in delivering an end-product with an agreed-upon value, and mapping the value stream means using visualization techniques such as Kanbanlean service thesis, flowcharts, or spaghetti diagrams to represent this flow.
Toyota pioneered the technique of value stream mapping, which allows business managers and strategists to identify parts of the value stream where waste occurs, and optimize the value stream to reduce waste, lean service thesis. A spaghetti diagram is a great starting point because it visually documents the actual flow of product, paper, lean service thesis, and people in a workplace or project workflow.
Use the template for a spaghetti diagram below to make your own. Excel PDF. Experts recommend creating a value stream map with pencil and paper and documenting all the process steps that your product goes through, from supplier to your organization and finally to the customer.
This is the principle of JIT manufacturing in action: because excess, early, or unexpected inventory creates waste, synchronization is the key to optimizing flow. Identifying and eliminating work that adds no value either directly or indirectly can also improve the flow of a value stream. Employ a Pull Lean service thesis Traditional manufacturing employed a push approach, where production targets are set based on an internally-determined schedule and production quota. This approach not very responsive to customer demand, and commonly led to production exceeding or lean service thesis to meet demand.
In the first case, you would have to store the surplus product; in the second, you would have to increase the rate of production, possibly beyond optimum efficiency levels, to meet the demand. Either way, this approach creates a lot of unnecessary waste. By contrast, a pull approach allows customer demand to determine production, so that nothing is created unless a customer asks for it.
Done correctly, this eliminates waste caused by inventory costs and overwork. A pull approach is, lean service thesis, however, difficult to implement effectively because it relies on accurate, effective assessment of the market and the ability to vary production quickly and on demand, lean service thesis. Delivery must lean service thesis speedy to ensure that customer demand still exists by the time the end-product is ready.
Pursue Continuous Improvement: At its heart, Lean service thesis management is an ongoing, incremental process, lean service thesis.
A waste-free system may be practically unattainable, but as a goal, it drives a need for constant improvement. The Japanese word Kaizen is often used to describe this practice in Lean. With Kaizen, the value stream is continually optimized, and defective processes are consistently improved or replaced in an effort to improve quality. Other key principles in Lean software development include amplifying learning, deciding as late as possible, delivering as fast as possible, and empowering the team.
Waste in manufacturing or construction is easy to visualize: unused resources, unnecessary effort, perhaps refuse or byproducts, lean service thesis. What sort of waste would you imagine from, say, a software development project? As it turns out, lean service thesis, the waste lean service thesis in Lean thinking stretches far beyond physical waste.
Though these waste types were created with physical end-product manufacturing in mind, they translate well to non-physical projects, too, lean service thesis. Overproduction: Used traditionally to refer to waste created by push manufacturing, this category covers surplus production and large inventories.
Overproduction in software projects also lean service thesis to creating a product before establishing the demand for it. Overproduction may also refer to the mistake of providing functions, features, or services that the customer is not willing to pay for, which means that some of the work done on the project is unnecessary or redundant. Waiting: This term traditionally referred to the time between a product being ready to move to the next stage in a production cycle and the product actually being moved to the next stage.
In manufacturing, waiting occurs because of bottlenecked processes; in soft project management you can extend that definition to include the time lean service thesis information required to proceed to the next stage is unavailable.
Transportation: This refers to the cost incurred and time spent physically moving a product from one place to another, especially as it is being produced. The potential costs of transportation extend beyond the time and money expended in the transportation itself, as transportation also raises the risks of damaging products.
Inefficiency increases when production processes require goods to unnecessarily travel more around factories. Transportation waste is less of a problem in service projects, where communication is mostly digital and instantaneous. But inefficient paper trails and communication failures such as power outages or IT downtime are still problematic. Over-processing: In manufacturing, over-processing refers to doing work that is not needed.
This imposes costs related to labor, materials, and equipment wear.
How Lean Services Lead to Lower Costs and Happier Customers
, time: 23:4225 Thesis Statement Examples That Will Make Writing a Breeze
Lean manufacturing has long helped manufacturers maximize the value of their operations and minimize the waste involved in producing goods. This paper examines how project managers can adapt and apply the tools and techniques used in practicing lean manufacturing to improve project outcomes, explaining how Toyota and Motorola have excelled after adopting and implementing the lean methodology Jun 23, · Krafcik, who had worked at New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI), a car manufacturing company jointly owned by GM and Toyota, published Triumph of the Lean Production System based on his Master’s thesis at MIT. Scholars at MIT’s International Motor Vehicle Program continued his research into Lean production Dec 18, · Insightful implementation of lean is necessary for high-value manufacturing and is complementary to strategic decision making regarding manufacture. However lean can be difficult to implement in specific organisations. One of the difficulties is deciding which of the many lean tools to apply and when to apply them. A complicating factor is change management
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